Recombinant Mouse Dkk1
Dickkopf related protein 1 (Dkk-1) is the founding member of the Dickkopf family of proteins that includes Dkk-1, -2, -3, -4, and a related protein, Soggy [1, 2]. Dkk proteins are secreted proteins that contain two conserved cysteine-rich domains separated by a linker region. Each domain contains ten cysteine residues [1-3]. Mature mouse Dkk-1 is a 40 kDa glycosylated protein that shares 86%, 96%, 83% and 82% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with human, rat, rabbit and bovine Dkk-1, respectively. It also shares 41% and 36% aa identity with human Dkk-2 and Dkk-4, respectively. Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 are well documented antagonists of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway [1, 2]. This pathway is activated by Wnt engagement of a receptor complex composed of the Frizzled proteins and one of two low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins, LRP5 or LRP6 [4]. Dkk-1 antagonizes Wnt by forming ternary complexes of LRP5/6 with Kremen1 or Kremen2 [4, 5]. Dkk-1/LRP6/K rm2 complex internalization has been shown to down-regulate Wnt signaling [4, 5]. Dkk-1 is expressed throughout developme nt and antagonizes Wnt-7a during limb development [6, 7]. Other sites of expression include developing neurons, hair follicles and the retina of the eye [8, 9]. The balance between Wnt signaling and Dkk-1 inhibition is critical for bone formation and hom eostasis [10]. Insufficient or excess Dkk-1 activity in bone results in increased or decreased bone density, respectively [8, 11]. In adults, Dkk-1 is expressed in osteoblasts and osteocytes, and neurons. Cerebral ischemia induces Dkk-1 expression, which contributes to neuronal cell death [12]
Reference
[1] Glinka, A. et al. (1998) Nature 391:357.
[2] Niehrs, C. (2006) Oncogene 25:7469.
[3] Bullock, C.M. et al. (2004) Mol. Pharmacol. 65:582.
[4] Mao, B. et al. (2001) Nature 411:321.
[5] Mao, B. et al. (2002) Nature 417:664.
[6] Kemp, C. et al. (2005) Dev. Dyn. 233:1064.
[7] Adamska, M. et al. (2004) Dev. Biol. 272:134.
[8] Li, J. et al. (2006) Bone 36:754.
[9] Verani, R. et al. (2006) J. Neurochem. 101:242.
[10] Pinzone, J.J. et al. (2009) Blood 113:517.
[11] Morvan, F. et al. (2006) J. Bone Miner. Res. 21:934.
[12] Cappuccio, I. et al. (2005) J. Neurosci. 25:2647
| Accession # | PM2036 |
| Alternate Names | dickkopf (Xenopus laevis) homolog 1; dickkopf homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis); dickkopf related protein-1; Dickkopf-1; dickkopf-related protein 1; Dkk1; Dkk-1; hDkk-1; SKdickkopf-1 like |
| Source | Ser30-His272. |
| Protein sequence | / |
| M.Wt | 26.1 kDa |
| Appearance | Solution protein |
| Stability & Storage | Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles It is recommended that hat the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage - 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -7°C as supplied |
| Concentration | 0.2 mg/mL |
| Formulation | Dissolved in sterile PBS buffer. This solution can be diluted into other aqueous buffers. Centrifuge the vial prior to opening. |
| Reconstitution | We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. This solution can be diluted into other aqueous buffers. |
| Biological Activity | / |
| Shipping Condition | Shipping with dry ice. |
| Handling | Centrifuge the vial prior to opening. |
| Usage | For Research Use Only! Not to be used in humans. |
Quality Control & DataSheet
- View current batch:
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Purity > 95%, determined by SDS-PAGE.
- Datasheet
Endotoxin: <1 EU per 1 ug of the protein by the LAL method.