Recombinant Mouse IL19, Tag Free

Interleukin 19 (IL-19) is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines ^[1]. The IL-10 family is a class II alpha -helical collection of cytokines that contains two groups, a viral homolog and a cellular homolog group. Within the cellular homolog group, there are two additional groupings, one which uses IL-10 R2 as a signal transducing receptor (IL-10, IL-22 and IL-26), and one which uses IL-20 R2 as a signal transducing receptor (IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24) ^{[2 - 4]}. Mouse IL-19 is synthesized as a 176 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 24 aa signal sequence and a 152 aa mature region ^[5]. Based on human studies, it is expected to be secreted as a glycosylated monomer, 35 - 45 kDa in size ^{[2, 6, 7]}. IL-19 is unusual in that it contains seven amphipathic helices ^{[2, 4, 8]}. Mature mouse IL-19 shares 69% aa sequence identity with the mature human IL-19, and 85% and 68% aa identity to unpublished Genbank sequences for rat and canine IL-19, respectively. Although mouse IL-19 is active on human cells, human IL-19 is not active on mouse cells ^[5]. IL-19 expression is limited to activated keratinocytes and monocytes, with a possible contribution from B cells ^{[6, 9, 10]}. IL-19 binds a receptor complex consisting of the IL-20 receptor alpha (also known as IL-20 R1) and the IL-20 receptor beta (IL-20 R2) ^{[3, 4, 11, 12]}. This receptor complex is also shared by IL-20 and IL-24. Notably, IL-19 is reported to actually bind to IL-20 R2, which is generally considered to be only the signal transducing receptor subunit ^{[7, 13]}. Functionally, it has been reported that IL-19 both will and will not induce IL-6 and TNF production by monocytes ^{[5, 14]}. It does, however, seem to drive T-helper cell differentiation towards a Th2 response, inducing both IL-10 and production of itself ^{[5, 14]}.

Reference

[1]. Fickenscher, H. et al. (2002) Trends Immunol. 23:89.

[2]. Pestka, S. et al. (2004) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22:929.

[3]. Zdanov, (2004) Curr. Pharm. Des. 10:3873.

[4]. Gallagher, G. et al. (2004) Int. Immunopathol. 4:615.

[5]. Laio, Y.-C. et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 169:4288.

[6]. Gallagher, G. et al. (2000) Genes Immun. 1:442.

[7]. Pletnev, S. et al. (2003) Biochemistry 42:12617.

[8]. Chang, C. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:3308.

[9]. Romer, J. et al. (2003) J. Invest. Dermatol. 121:1306.

[10]. Wolk, K. et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 168:5397.

[11]. Dumoutier, L. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:3545.

[12]. Parrish-Novak, J. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:47517

[13]. Preimel, D. and H. Sticht (2004) J. Mol. Model. 10:290.

[14]. Jordan, W.J. et al. (2005) Eur. J. Immunol. 35:1576